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Contemporary history describes the period timeframe that is closely connected to the present day; it is a certain perspective of modern history. The term "contemporary history" has been in use at least since the early 19th century.〔For example, ''Edinburgh review,'' Volume 12 (1808) (p. 480 ) (cf., There is this general distinction between contemporary history and all other history, —that the former is a witness, the latter a judge. The opinions of a contemporary author on the events which he records, are only then authority, when the impression made on a bystander happens to be a material part of the case; nor is this any exception to the maxim, that his business is to testify, not to lecture. On facts, however, he is paramount evidence; and that, not only in the age immediately succeeding him, but also, which is generally forgotten, to the latest times. The modern historian, who consults original authorities through the-medium of some later predecessor, descends from the character of a judge to that of a faithful reporter of decisions.)〕 In the widest context of this use, contemporary history is that part of history still in living memory. Based on human lifespan, contemporary history would extend for a period of approximately 80 years. In a narrower sense "contemporary history" may refer to the history remembered by most (more than 50 percent) of human beings alive, extending to about a generation. As the median age of people living on Earth is 30 years as of the present () this is currently often understood as meaning anything after about 1991 when the Cold War order collapsed and use of the Internet became widespread outside of academia, defense and big business; the beginning of the "long 21st century". The ''present age'' possesses a distinct character of its own.〔Grosvenor, Edwin A. (Contemporary History of the World ). New York and Boston: T.Y. Crowell & Co, 1899.〕〔(worldometers.info ), Real Time Statistics Project.〕 While there have been scientific accomplishments and humanitarian achievements during the present age (''i.e.'', the modern age), the contemporary era has seen scientific and political progress, not so much in what has been originated as by what has been developed. Notable achievements have been those such as the redefinition of nationalities and nations and the ongoing technological advances that marked the 20th century. In contemporary science and technology, history notably includes spaceflight, nuclear technology, laser and semiconductor technology and the beginning Information Age, and the development of molecular biology and genetic engineering, and the development of particle physics and the Standard Model of quantum field theory. In contemporary African history, there was apartheid in South Africa and its abolition, Decolonization, and a multitude of wars on the continent. In contemporary Asian history, there was the formation of the People's Republic of China, the independence and partition of India, the Korean and Vietnam wars, the ongoing Afghan civil war, and the stationing of US Forces in Japan and in South Korea. In the Middle East, there was the Arab-Israeli conflict, the conflict between Arab nationalism and Islamism, and the (still ongoing) Arab Spring. In contemporary European history, there were the Revolutions of 1989 which contributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the ongoing process of European integration. ==Timeline== ImageSize = width:800 height:185 PlotArea = width:720 height:155 left:65 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:1900 till:2020 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1900 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1900 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:11 shift:(0,-5) bar:Decades color:era from:1900 till:1920 shift:(0,7) text:Late modernity from:1970 till:2015 shift:(0,7) text:Post-Modern from:1920 till:1930 text:Twenties from:1930 till:1940 text:Thirties from:1940 till:1950 text:Forties from:1950 till:1960 text:Fifties from:1960 till:1970 text:Sixties from:1970 till:1980 text:Seventies from:1980 till:1990 text:Eighties from:1990 till:2000 text:Nineties from:2000 till:2010 text:Noughties from:2010 till:2015 text:Tens bar:Technology color:era from:1900 till:1945 text:Machine Age from:1970 till:2015 text:Information Age from:2010 till:2015 text:Big Data bar:Conflicts color:era from:1914 till:1918 text:WWI from:1918 till:1939 text:Interwar period from:1939 till:1945 text:WWII from:1945 till:1962 text:Post-war era from:2001 till:2015 text:GWOT era bar:Cold War color:era from:1947 till:1991 text:Cold War bar:Atomic color:era from:1945 till:2015 text:Atomic Age bar:Space color:era from:1957 till:2015 text:Space Age bar:US Trends color:era from:1900 till:1925 text:Progressive Era from:1900 till:1940 shift:(0,7) text:Liberalism from:1925 till:1940 shift:(0,7) text:New Deal from:1940 till:1960 text:Beatniks from:1960 till:1973 text:Counterculture from:1973 till:1985 shift:(0,3) text:New Left from:1973 till:1985 shift:(0,-10) text:New Right from:1985 till:2015 shift:(0,3) text:Neoliberalism from:1985 till:2015 shift:(0,-10) text:Neoconservatism bar:Oil color:era from:1900 till:2015 text:Age of Oil 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contemporary history」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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